Defects in apoptosis can promote tumorigenesis and impair responses of malignant B cells
to chemotherapeutics. Members of the B-cell leukemia/lymphoma-2 (BCL-2) family of …

Background For several decades, intermediate metabolism and signal transduction have
been considered two independent entities. On one side stood the catabolic and anabolic …

The metabolic properties of cancer cells diverge significantly from those of normal cells.
Energy production in cancer cells is abnormally dependent on aerobic glycolysis. In addition …

The hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) was initially identified as a transcription factor that
regulated erythropoietin gene expression in response to a decrease in oxygen availability in …

The elimination of Mcl-1, an anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 family member, is an early and required
step for DNA damage-induced apoptosis. The degradation of Mcl-1 can be blocked by …

The members of the Bcl-2 family are the central regulators of various cell death modalities.
Some of these proteins contribute to apoptosis, while others counteract this type of …

Metazoan life is dependent upon the utilization of O2 for essential metabolic processes and
oxygen homeostasis is an organizing principle for understanding metazoan evolution …

The survival of metazoan organisms is dependent upon the utilization of O2 as a substrate
for COX (cytochrome c oxidase), which constitutes Complex IV of the mitochondrial …

Hypoxia is an imbalance between oxygen supply and demand that occurs in cancer and in
ischemic cardiovascular disease. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1) was originally identified …

A solid tumour forms an organ-like structure that is comprised of cancer cells as well as
stroma cells (fibroblasts, inflammatory cells) that are embedded in an extracellular matrix …