The carotid body (CB) is the main peripheral chemoreceptor for arterial respiratory gases O2
and CO2 and pH, eliciting reflex ventilatory, cardiovascular, and humoral responses to …

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), characterized by intermittent hypoxia (IH), is linked with
increased reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) and oxidative …

Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are transcriptional activators that function as master
regulators of oxygen homeostasis, which is disrupted in disorders affecting the circulatory …

Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a hallmark manifestation of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a
widespread disorder of breathing. This Review focuses on the role of hypoxia-inducible …

The discovery of the sensory nature of the carotid body dates back to the beginning of the
20th century. Following these seminal discoveries, research into carotid body mechanisms …

Hypoxia is a fundamental stimulus that impacts cells, tissues, organs, and physiological
systems. The discovery of hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) and subsequent identification of …

The blood–brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic and complex interface between blood and the
central nervous system that strictly controls the exchanges between the blood and brain …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are cellular signals but also disease triggers; their relative
excess (oxidative stress) or shortage (reductive stress) compared to reducing equivalents …

Molecular oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are the primary gaseous substrate and
product of oxidative phosphorylation in respiring organisms, respectively. Variance in the …

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men and the fifth-leading
cause of cancer death in men worldwide. Like any solid tumor, the hypoxic …