Optogenetic techniques have been developed to allow control over the activity of selected
cells within a highly heterogeneous tissue, using a combination of genetic engineering and …

The collective activity of a population of neurons, beyond the properties of individual cells, is
crucial for many brain functions. A fundamental question is how activity correlations between …

Optogenetics ushered in a revolution in how neuroscientists interrogate brain function.
Because of technical limitations, the majority of optogenetic studies have used low spatial …

INTRODUCTION Perceptual experiences in mammals may arise from patterns of neural
circuit activity in cerebral cortex. For example, primary visual cortex (V1) is causally capable …

Insulin is the paramount anabolic hormone, promoting carbon energy deposition in the
body. Its synthesis, quality control, delivery, and action are exquisitely regulated by highly …

Recent progress in fluorescence imaging allows neuroscientists to observe the dynamics of
thousands of individual neurons, identified genetically or by their connectivity, across …

Optogenetic manipulation of neuronal activity through excitatory and inhibitory opsins has
become an indispensable experimental strategy in neuroscience research. For many …

Understanding brain function requires technologies that can control the activity of large
populations of neurons with high fidelity in space and time. We developed a multiphoton …

The mechanistic link between neural circuit activity and behavior remains unclear. While
manipulating cortical activity can bias certain behaviors and elicit artificial percepts, some …

Summary Cortical layer 1 (L1) interneurons have been proposed as a hub for attentional
modulation of underlying cortex, but the transformations that this circuit implements are not …