Owing to its memory and plasticity, the immune system (IS) is capable of recording all the
immunological experiences and stimuli it was exposed to. The combination of type, dose …

Human aging is characterized by both physical and physiological frailty that profoundly
affects the immune system. In this context aging is associated with declines in adaptive and …

Lung aging is associated with structural remodeling, a decline of respiratory function and a
higher susceptibility to acute and chronic lung diseases. Individual factors that modulate …

Background: Inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins increase with aging,
promoting a chronic low-grade inflammation. Studies have shown a positive effect of …

NK cells are lymphocytes of the innate immune system, which are able to deal promptly with
stressed cells. Cellular senescence is a cell stress response leading to cell cycle arrest that …

Exercise training has a profound impact on immunity, exerting a multitude of positive effects
in indications such as immunosenescence, cancer, viral infections and inflammatory …

Organismal ageing is associated with many physiological changes, including differences in
the immune system of most animals. These differences are often considered to be a key …

Immunosenescence is a process associated with aging that leads to dysregulation of cells of
innate and adaptive immunity, which may become dysfunctional. Consequently, older adults …

Aging is associated with a dysregulation of the immune system, leading to a general pro-
inflammatory state of the organism, a process that has been named inflamm-aging …

Alzheimer's disease (AD) represents the most common cause of dementia in the elderly. AD
is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive memory loss and cognitive …