Most of the current development of artificial intelligence is based on brain cognition,
however, this replication of biology cannot simulate the subjective emotional and mental …

Cells are the most basic structural and functional units of living organisms. Studies of cell
growth, differentiation, apoptosis, and cell-cell interactions can help scientists understand …

Being spontaneous, micro-expressions are useful in the inference of a person's true
emotions even if an attempt is made to conceal them. Due to their short duration and low …

Micro-expressions typically reflect suppressed feelings and they can provide an accurate
indication of the real feelings and motivations of a person. Accordingly, they have been used …

Ethical affective computing (AC) requires maximizing the benefits to users while minimizing
its harm to obtain trust from users. This requires responsible development and deployment …

The interest in real-time micro-expression recognition has increased with the current trend in
human-computer interaction applications. Presently, there are several approaches which …

Micro-expression conveys a person's state-of-mind; therefore, it can be helpful in many
cases. However, its micro-momentary and subtle characteristics make its recognition hard …

In the contemporary era, Facial Expression Recognition (FER) plays a pivotal role in
numerous fields due to its vast application areas, such as e-learning, healthcare, marketing …

Micro-expressions (MEs) are fleeting involuntary facial movements, which occur frequently
when people attempt to conceal their emotions. Since human eyesight cannot detect fleeting …

Microexpression is an emotional representation occurring spontaneously and cannot be
controlled consciously. It is temporary (short duration) with subtle movements, making it …