The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content,
high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) …

Free radicals are chemical species (atoms, molecules, or ions) containing one or more
unpaired electrons in their external orbitals and generally display a remarkable reactivity …

Oocytes form before birth and remain viable for several decades before fertilization.
Although poor oocyte quality accounts for most female fertility problems, little is known about …

Mitochondria were first postulated to contribute to aging more than 40 years ago. During the
following decades, multiple lines of evidence in model organisms and humans showed that …

Protein posttranslational modifications (PTMs) refer to the breaking or generation of covalent
bonds on the backbones or amino acid side chains of proteins and expand the diversity of …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) are generated from
aerobic metabolism, as a result of accidental electron leakage as well as regulated …

Abstract Thioredoxins (Trxs), glutaredoxins (Grxs), and peroxiredoxins (Prxs) have been
characterized as electron donors, guards of the intracellular redox state, and “antioxidants” …

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and detoxification are tightly
balanced. Shifting this balance enables ROS to activate intracellular signaling and/or induce …

Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation,
proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are known mediators of intracellular signaling cascades.
Excessive production of ROS may, however, lead to oxidative stress, loss of cell function …