Gastrointestinal motility results from coordinated contractions of the tunica muscularis, the
muscular layers of the alimentary canal. Throughout most of the gastrointestinal tract …

The enteric nervous system is one of the three divisions of the autonomic nervous system,
the others being the sympathetic and parasympathetic. In contrast to the other divisions, it …

Evidence that adenosine triphosphate or a related nucleotide is the transmitter substance
released by non-adrenergic inhibitory Page 1 Br. J. Pharmac. (1970), 40, 668-688. Evidence …

Distinguishing between monosynaptic and polysynaptic transmission is an important
problem in neurobiology. The study of indirect neuronal connections which are thought to be …

1) The anatomy of the autonomic nervous system in teleost fish, amphibia, reptiles, and birds
is essentially similar to that seen in mammals. However, a sacral parasympathetic system is …

The distribution of peptide-containing neurons in the oesophagus, stomach and small and
large intestine of the rat and the guinea-pig has been studied with the indirect …

The venom apparatus in social insects from the genus Apis is an essential part of the
mechanism of defence of the colony. Stinging behaviour is usually displayed in the vicinity of …

This article is intended to provide the reader with a clear understanding of the relationship
between adrenergic nerves and gastrointestinal function, drawn from an analysis of the …

Neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) generates NO in neurons, and heme-oxygenase-2
(HO-2) synthesizes carbon monoxide (CO). We have evaluated the roles of NO and CO in …

Interaction between nerves and muscles can be considered at two levels: short-term
interaction (or neurotransmission) that takes seconds or less, and long-term interaction that …