I. Executive Summary Background The 5 years since the publication of the first International
Consensus Statement on Allergy and Rhinology: Rhinosinusitis (ICAR‐RS) has witnessed …

During the past years, there has been a global outbreak of allergic diseases, presenting a
considerable medical and socioeconomical burden. A large fraction of allergic diseases is …

1.1. Summary The European Position Paper on Rhinosinusitis and Nasal Polyps 2020 is the
update of similar evidence based position papers published in 2005 and 2007 and 2012 (1 …

Importance Intranasal corticosteroids (INCs) remain the first-line treatment of chronic
rhinosinusitis (CRS) in both adults and children, despite the lack of evidence regarding their …

Taste receptors, first identified on the tongue, are best known for their role in guiding our
dietary preferences. The expression of taste receptors for umami, sweet, and bitter have …

Introduction Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a heterogeneous disease, and its complex
pathophysiological characteristics pose a challenge to its clinical treatment. CRS is …

Bitter and sweet taste G protein-coupled receptors (known as T2Rs and T1Rs, respectively)
were originally identified in type II taste cells on the tongue, where they signal perception of …

Objectives We performed a systematic review on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms and risk‐
related chronic rhinosinusitis. Design and Setting A comprehensive review of the last 20 …

Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs) are G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) expressed in various
cell types including ciliated airway epithelial cells and macrophages. T2Rs in these two …

In addition to being responsible for bitter taste, type 2 taste receptors (T2Rs) regulate
endocrine, behavioral, and immunological responses. T2R agonists include indicators of …