Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-
ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine …

Snake envenomation employs three well integrated strategies: prey immobilization via
hypotension, prey immobilization via paralysis, and prey digestion. Purines (adenosine …

Nucleotides such as ATP, ADP, UTP or the diadenosine polyphosphates and possibly even
NAD+ are extracellular signaling substances in the brain and in other tissues. Enzymes …

Activation and subsequent differentiation of T cells following antigenic stimulation are
triggered by highly coordinated signaling events that lead to instilling cells with a discrete …

Although regulatory lymphocytes play an important role in the immune system, the
regulation of their functions is poorly understood and remains to be elucidated. In this study …

Abstract Mono ADP-ribosyltransferase 2 (ART2) is an ectoenzyme expressed on mouse T
lymphocytes, which catalyze the transfer of ADP-ribose groups from NAD+ onto several …

Mammalian ecto ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs) constitute a family of structurally related
proteins expressed on the cell surface or secreted in the extracellular compartment. Using …

In human airways, epithelial cells lining the lumen and intraluminal cells (eg,
polymorphonuclear cells) participate in the innate immune response. These cells secrete or …

ABSTRACT A variety of nucleotides and the nucleoside adenosine can act as extracellular
signding substances. Their function is terminated by extracellular degradation via surface …

Ecto‐enzymes are catalytic membrane proteins with their active sites outside the cell. They
include cholinesterase, which inactivates acetylcholine, and angiotensin‐converting …