Flavylium compounds are a well-known family of pigments because they are prevalent in the
plant kingdom, contributing to colors over a wide range from shades of yellow-red to blue in …

Phenolics are a group of compounds derived from plants that have displayed potent
biological activities and health-promoting effects. Fermentation is one of the most …

Natural anthocyanin pigments/dyes and phenolic copigments/co-dyes form noncovalent
complexes, which stabilize and modulate (in particular blue, violet, and red) colors in …

Under natural physiological conditions, anthocyanins can keep bright and stable color for a
long time due to the relatively stable acid-base environment of plant vacuoles and the …

Phenolic compounds are a large class of plant secondary metabolites, showing a diversity of
structures, from rather simple structures, eg phenolic acids, through polyphenols such as …

Highlights•The advance of astringency/bitterness mechanisms and methods was
reviewed.•Tannin structure plays an essential role in wine astringency/bitterness …

In recent years there has been a growing concern about environmental pollution linked to
the generation of agroindustrial waste. The wine industry generates approximately 8.49 …

Originating in the grapes, anthocyanins and their derivatives are the crucial pigments
responsible for the red wine color. During wine maturation and aging, the concentration of …

Grape and wine phenolics are structurally diverse, from simple molecules to oligomers and
polymers usually designated as tannins. They have an important impact on the organoleptic …

Background Anthocyanins are a major class of phenolic compounds present in red grapes
and red wine. They have been reported to possess multiple health-promoting properties …