Mobile genetic elements are key to the evolution of bacteria and traits that affect host and
ecosystem health. Here, we use a framework of a hierarchical and modular system that …

Antibiotics are powerful drugs used in the treatment of bacterial infections. The inappropriate
use of these medicines has driven the dissemination of antibiotic resistance (AR) in most …

Rhizobia are some of the best-studied plant microbiota. These oligotrophic
Alphaproteobacteria or Betaproteobacteria form symbioses with their legume hosts …

Abstract ICEberg 2.0 (http://db-mml. sjtu. edu. cn/ICEberg/) is an updated database that
provides comprehensive information about bacterial integrative and conjugative elements …

Mobile genetic elements (MGEs), such as plasmids and integrative and conjugative
elements (ICEs), are main drivers for the spread of antibiotic resistance (AR). Coevolution …

Integrative and conjugative elements (ICEs) are widespread mobile DNA that transmit both
vertically, in a host-integrated state, and horizontally, through excision and transfer to new …

Rhizobial symbiosis genes are often carried on symbiotic islands or plasmids that can be
transferred (horizontal transfer) between different bacterial species. Symbiosis genes …

Genomic islands (GIs) play a crucial role in the spread of antibiotic resistance, virulence
factors and antiviral defense systems in a broad range of bacterial species. However, the …

Rhizobia are one of the most important and best studied groups of bacterial symbionts. They
are defined by their ability to establish nitrogen-fixing intracellular infections within plant …

Although microorganisms are known to dominate Earth's biospheres and drive
biogeochemical cycling, little is known about the geographic distributions of microbial …