The increasing popularity of the electric vehicles (EVs) is due to various environmental
impacts of the gasoline‐/diesel‐based vehicles over the past few decades. EVs are …

Large Li-ion battery packs are an enabling technology for electric vehicles, smart homes and
the smart grid. Keeping the individual cells that make up the battery pack balanced reduces …

Global society is significantly speeding up the adoption of renewable energy sources and
their integration into the current existing grid in order to counteract growing environmental …

The effective capacity of lithium-ion battery (LIB) pack is reduced by the inconsistency of
individual LIB cell in terms of capacity, voltage and internal resistances. Effective cell …

Voltage unbalances of the series-connected battery and supercapacitor (SC) cells are
mainly due to their differences in materials, manufacturing technology, internal …

Continuous efforts to preserve the environment and to reduce gaseous emissions due to the
massive growth of urban economic development and heightened concerns over crude oil …

Conventional lithium-ion battery (LIB) packs comprising series-connected modules need cell
and module equalizers separately, resulting in increased system complexity. This article …

Electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming increasingly popular due to their low emissions,
energy efficiency, and reduced reliance on fossil fuels. One of the most critical components …

In this article, a modularized charge equalizer is proposed. In the proposed topology, N
series cells are divided into K modules and each module consists of J series cells and its …

This paper proposes a novel modular equalization architecture for series-connected electric
double-layer capacitor (EDLC) modules, each consisting of multiple cells connected in …