Background Debate over the viability of the current commercial research and development
(R&D) model is ongoing. A controversial theme is the cost of bringing a new molecular entity …

Predicting the effects of drugs before human clinical trials is at the heart of drug screening
and discovery processes. The cost of drug discovery is steadily increasing owing to the …

Importance The mean cost of developing a new drug has been the subject of debate, with
recent estimates ranging from $314 million to $2.8 billion. Objective To estimate the …

This paper argues that incumbent firms may acquire innovative targets solely to discontinue
the target's innovation projects and preempt future competition. We call such acquisitions …

The research and development costs of 106 randomly selected new drugs were obtained
from a survey of 10 pharmaceutical firms. These data were used to estimate the average pre …

To curb the high cost of drug development, there is an urgent need to develop more
predictive tissue models using human cells to determine drug efficacy and safety in advance …

Predicated on the increasing abundance of electronic health records, we investigate the
problem of inferring individualized treatment effects using observational data. Stemming …

Population pharmacokinetic models are used to describe the time course of drug exposure
in patients and to investigate sources of variability in patient exposure. They can be used to …

Importance Understanding the cost of drug development can help inform the development of
policies to reduce costs, encourage innovation, and improve patient access to drugs …

Introduction: Late-stage functionalization (LSF) can introduce important chemical groups in
the very last steps of the synthesis. LSF has the potential to speed up the preparation of …