Scholars from across the social sciences, biological sciences, and humanities have long
emphasized the role of human morality in supporting cooperation. How does morality arise …

For over 35 years, the violation-of-expectation paradigm has been used to study the
development of expectations in the first 3 years of life. A wide range of expectations has …

Moral reasoning is an essential part of how humans develop and a fundamental aspect of
how human societies change over time. On a developmental timescale, reasoning about …

To successfully navigate their social world, humans need to understand and map enduring
relationships between people: Humans need a concept of social affiliation. Here I propose …

Over the past decade, numerous studies have reported that infants prefer prosocial agents
(those who provide help, comfort, or fairness in distributive actions) to antisocial agents …

Moral learning and decision-making are crucial throughout our lives, from infancy to old age.
Emerging evidence suggests that there are important differences in learning and deciding in …

Highlights•Studies on prosocial behaviors in the early years increase understanding of
origin and antecedents of prosocial development.•Longitudinal studies specify how …

According to Graham and colleagues (2013), a “first draft” of moral cognition emerges early
and universally in development and is then gradually revised by experience and culture. In …

Recent research revealed that infants attend to agents' intentions when they evaluate
helping actions. The current study investigated whether infants also consider agents' …

Recent research has provided converging evidence, using multiple tasks, of sensitivity to
fairness in the second year of life. In contrast, findings in the first year have been mixed …