Mitochondria retain bacterial traits due to their endosymbiotic origin, but host cells do not
recognize them as foreign because the organelles are sequestered. However, the regulated …

Innate immunity is essential for the host against pathogens, cancer, and autoimmunity. The
innate immune system encodes many sensor, adaptor, and effector proteins and relies on …

In mammals, the enzyme cGAS senses the presence of cytosolic DNA and synthesizes the
cyclic dinucleotide (CDN) 2′ 3′-cGAMP, which triggers STING-dependent immunity. In …

Innate immunity, cell death and inflammation underpin many aspects of health and disease.
Upon sensing pathogens, pathogen-associated molecular patterns or damage-associated …

Evolutionary arms races between cells and viruses drive the rapid diversification of antiviral
genes in diverse life forms. Recent discoveries have revealed the existence of immune …

Pathogens have fueled the diversification of intracellular defense strategies that collectively
define cell-autonomous innate immunity. In bacteria, innate immunity is manifested by a …

Immune defence mechanisms exist across the tree of life in such diversity that prokaryotic
antiviral responses have historically been considered unrelated to eukaryotic immunity …

Animals use a variety of cell-autonomous innate immune proteins to detect viral infections
and prevent replication. Recent studies have discovered that a subset of mammalian …

Cyclic oligonucleotide-based signaling system (CBASS) is an antiviral system that protects
bacteria from phage infection and is evolutionarily related to human cGAS-STING immunity …

Deciphering the immune organization of eukaryotes is important for human health and for
understanding ecosystems. The recent discovery of antiphage systems revealed that various …