Abstract The RAF-MEK-ERK signaling cascade is a well-characterized MAPK pathway
involved in cell proliferation and survival. The three-layered MAPK signaling cascade is …

The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway is the primary regulatory
module of various cellular processes such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and stress …

Protein ubiquitination has become one of the most extensively studied post-translational
modifications. Originally discovered as a critical element in highly regulated proteolysis …

Simple Summary The Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK signaling pathway is responsible for regulating
cell proliferation, differentiation, and survival. Overexpression and overactivation of …

Despite significant progress in clinical management, drug resistance remains a major
obstacle. Recent research based on protein degradation to restrain drug resistance has …

Ubiquitylation is one of the most common post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins
that frequently targets substrates for proteasomal degradation. However it can also result in …

Abstract Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is one of the deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs)
in the ubiquitin-specific protease (USP) family. It is a key regulator of numerous cellular …

Lysosomal-dependent self-degradative (autophagic) mechanisms are essential for the
maintenance of normal homeostasis in all eukaryotic cells. Several types of such self …

Background: Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease, in which macrophages
determine the progression of atherosclerotic plaques. However, no studies have …

Tumor metastasis is a major cause of cancer mortality. However, little is known regarding the
regulation of abnormal cholesterol metabolism in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) …