Ocean mining activities have been ongoing for nearly 70 years, making great contributions
to industrialization. Given the increasing demand for energy, along with the restructuring of …

The term 'biodiversity,'while casually used in practice, is a complicated subject to measure,
interpret, contextualize, and compare. Yet the possible advent of deep-sea mining in the mid …

The deep-sea mining industry is currently at a point where large-sale, commercial
polymetallic nodule exploitation is becoming a more realistic scenario. At the same time …

Oceans have been a source of food and resources for life on Earth even before the advent of
civilization. In recent years, reliance on the oceans has increased due to an increasing …

Abundant mineral resources in the deep sea are prospected for mining for the global metal
market. Seafloor massive sulphide (SMS) deposits along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge are one of …

Deep-sea mining inevitably produces plumes, which will pose a serious threat to the marine
environment with the continuous movement and diffusion of plumes along with ocean …

The macrofauna in soft sediments of the deep seafloor is generally diverse and represents a
comparatively well-studied faunal group of deep-sea ecosystems. In the abyss of the Clarion …

Cold-water coral (CWC) ecosystems can be found worldwide in tropical to polar oceans and
in shallow to deep waters (Freiwald et al., 2004; Roberts et al., 2009). Colony-forming …

In this paper, two different coupling methodologies between near-field and far-field models
are presented. In the first coupling methodology, the near-field model of Lee and Cheung [3] …