A standing enigma in pollination ecology is the evolution of pollinator attraction without
offering reward in about one third of all orchid species. Here I review concepts of pollination …

Fundamental concepts about the diversity and evolution of signals have been developed
mainly in the context of sexual selection. Here, we review the functional ecology of signals in …

Literature Cited to accompany Animal Communication, 2e Page 1 Principles of Animal
Communication, Second Edition Jack W. Bradbury and Sandra L. Vehrencamp Chapter 14 …

Pollinator-driven diversification is thought to be a major source of floral variation in plants.
Our knowledge of this process is, however, limited to indirect assessments of evolutionary …

Mimicry is a classic example of adaptation through natural selection. The traditional focus of
mimicry research has been on defence in animals, but there is now also a highly-developed …

The term “cheating” is used in the evolutionary and ecological literature to describe a wide
range of exploitative or deceitful traits. Although many find this a useful short hand, others …

Despite recent interest in the non‐sugar components of floral nectar, nearly nothing is
known about the ecological importance and phylogenetic distribution of scented nectar. If …

An activity pattern is the change in levels of a particular activity through time. Activity pattern
data form the basis of much of behavioral ecology for two simple reasons. First, they tell us …

Cooperative behavior is a hallmark of the primate order. Cooperation is therefore an area of
intensive theoretical research in biology, anthropology, political sciences and economics, as …

Understanding why animals (including humans) choose one thing over another is one of the
key questions underlying the fields of behavioural ecology, behavioural economics and …