Complex cellular and inflammatory interactions are involved in the progress of vascular
diseases. Endothelial cells, upon exposure to cytokines, undergo profound alterations of …

Activin was discovered in the 1980's as a gonadal protein that stimulated FSH release from
pituitary gonadotropes and was thought of as a reproductive hormone. In the ensuing …

Activins are transforming growth factor β superfamily members, which were originally
identified as inducers of follicle-stimulating hormone release from the pituitary. In recent …

Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β superfamily, is released rapidly into
the circulation during inflammation. This review examines the evidence that activin is a …

Background Several myokines are produced by cardiac muscle. We investigated changes in
myokine levels at the time of acute myocardial infarction (MI) and following reperfusion in …

Obesity with its associated complications represents a social, economic and health problem
of utmost importance worldwide. Specifically, obese patients carry a significantly higher risk …

Chronic subclinical inflammation is a central process in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular
disease (CVD) and it has been linked with both the initiation and progression of …

BACKGROUND: Allergic asthma typically shows activated, allergen-specific CD4+ T cells in
the early phase and airway remodeling in the late phase of the disease. Although TGF-β …

OBJECTIVES: Recent studies suggest that activin A, a member of the transforming growth
factor (TGF) superfamily, is involved in the pathogenesis of liver disorders. We sought to …

It has long been proposed that excitotoxicity contributes to nerve cell death in
neurodegenerative diseases. Activin A, a member of the transforming growth factor-β …