An optical refractive index sensor used for underway seawater salinity monitoring is
proposed. Due to the empirical relation to salinity, refractive index measurement provides an …

In atomic force microscopy, cantilevers with a reflective coating are often used to reduce
optical shot noise for deflection detection. However, static AFM experiments can be limited …

A new interferometric method for ultra-precise measurement of laser-beam angular
deflection is proposed. The angular tilt of a measuring device in relation to the beam axis …

The majority of current methods for measuring the angular deflection of a laser beam enable
measurement only in one selected plane. However, there are tasks in which measurements …

A new interference sensor for ultra-precise measurement of laser beam angular deflection is
proposed. The angular tilt of the measuring device, in relation to the beam axis, can also be …

A simple approach to expand the measurement range of a critical angle refractometer (CAR)
is demonstrated. Our method is based on measuring the centroid point of the angular …

A design of a new, absolute sensor for measurement of an angular micro-displacement is
presented. In this sensor deflections of incident laser beam generate changes of the …

The transmission of an optical beam through the compound cell of a differential
refractometer with an absorbing sample is analyzed. Formulas for the lateral shift and the …

The angles at which a light beam gets diffracted by a grating depend strongly on the
direction of incidence for diffraction angles close to a right angle. Accordingly, it is possible …

Precision positioning and control are critical to industrial-use processing machines. In order
to have components fabricated with excellent precision, the measurement of small-angle …