Hyponatremia is a serious, but often overlooked, electrolyte imbalance that has been
independently associated with a wide range of deleterious changes involving many different …

Patients with severe (serum sodium≤ 120 mEq/L), symptomatic hyponatremia can develop
life-threatening or fatal complications from cerebral edema if treatment is inadequate and …

Background Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality in hospitalized
patients and is associated with adverse outcomes, but its prevalence and significance in the …

Background Serum C-reactive protein (CRP) increases and albumin decreases in patients
with inflammation and infection. However, their role in patients with acute pancreatitis is not …

Background There is evidence that water‐loss dehydration is common in older people and
associated with many causes of morbidity and mortality. However, it is unclear what clinical …

Hyponatremia, defined as a serum sodium< 135 mmol/L, is frequently encountered in
patients presenting to the emergency department. Symptoms are often unspecific and …

Background Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte abnormality observed in clinical
practice. Several studies have demonstrated that hyponatremia is associated with an …

Fluids are considered the cornerstone of therapy for many shock states, particularly states
that are associated with relative or absolute hypovolemia. Fluids are also commonly used for …

Background About 1% of patients admitted to the Emergency Department (ED) have
hypernatremia, a condition associated with a mortality rate of 20 to 60%. Management …

Objectives To investigate the prevalence, etiology, and symptoms of severe hypokalemia in
patients presenting to the emergency department. Methods In this retrospective, cross …