Human skeletal muscle demonstrates remarkable plasticity, adapting to numerous external
stimuli including the habitual level of contractile loading. Accordingly, muscle function and …

Purpose: This review aimed to determine (1) performance and training characteristics such
as training intensity distribution (TID), volume, periodization, and methods in highly …

Running economy (RE) has a strong relationship with running performance, and modifiable
running biomechanics are a determining factor of RE. The purposes of this review were to …

In this review we integrate the scientific literature and results-proven practice and outline a
novel framework for understanding the training and development of elite long-distance …

Taekwondo has evolved into a modern-day Olympic combat sport. The physical and
physiological demands of modern-day taekwondo competition require athletes to be …

Researchers have retrospectively analyzed the training intensity distribution (TID) of
nationally and internationally competitive athletes in different endurance disciplines to …

Successful endurance training involves the manipulation of training intensity, duration, and
frequency, with the implicit goals of maximizing performance, minimizing risk of negative …

Endurance athletes integrate four conditioning concepts in their training programs: high-
volume training (HVT),“threshold-training”(THR), high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and a …

Intense training results in numerous physiological perturbations such as muscle damage,
hyperthermia, dehydration and glycogen depletion. Insufficient/untimely restoration of these …

Purpose To describe training variations across the annual cycle in Olympic and World
Champion endurance athletes, and determine whether these athletes used tapering …