Cadmium is a heavy toxic metal with unknown biological functions in the human body. Over
time, cadmium accretion in the different visceral organs (liver, lungs, kidney, and testis) is …

In the early 1950s, Austin and Chang independently described the changes that are
required for the sperm to fertilize oocytes in vivo. These changes were originally grouped …

After leaving the testis, spermatozoa have not yet acquired the ability to move progressively
and are unable to fertilize oocytes. To become fertilization competent, they must go through …

Sperm cryopreservation is a powerful tool for the livestock breeding program. Several
technical attempts have been made to enhance the efficiency of spermatozoa …

The mammalian female reproductive tract interacts with sperm in various ways in order to
facilitate sperm migration to the egg while impeding migrations of pathogens into the tract, to …

Spermatozoa must leave one organism, navigate long distances, and deliver their paternal
DNA into a mature egg. For successful navigation and delivery, a sperm-specific calcium …

Mammalian fertilization comprises sperm migration through the female reproductive tract,
biochemical and morphological changes to sperm, and sperm-egg interaction in the oviduct …

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) is a zinc-dependent peptidase responsible for
converting angiotensin I into the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. However, ACE is a relatively …

Since the discovery of the first disintegrin protein from snake venom and the following
identification of a mammalian membrane-anchored metalloprotease-disintegrin implicated …

Fertilization is the process by which eggs and spermatozoa interact, achieve mutual
recognition, and fuse to create a zygote, which then develops to form a new individual, thus …