Many birds and mammals drastically reduce their energy expenditure during times of cold
exposure, food shortage, or drought, by temporarily abandoning euthermia, ie the …

Temperature profoundly impacts both the phenotypes and distributions of organisms. These
thermal effects exert strong selective pressures on behaviour, physiology and life history …

Coincident with recent global warming, species have shifted their geographic distributions to
cooler environments, generally by moving along thermal axes to higher latitudes, higher …

The energy allocation (EA) model defines behavioral strategies that optimize the temporal
utilization of energy to maximize reproductive success. This model proposes that all species …

The evolutionary theory of aging predicts that life span should decrease in response to the
amount of mortality caused by extrinsic sources. Using this prediction, we selected six life …

▪ Abstract The ability of animals to survive food deprivation is clearly of considerable survival
value. Unsurprisingly, therefore, all animals exhibit adaptive biochemical and physiological …

Introduction 3. Adaptation to thermal heterogeneity 4. Thermoregulation 4.1. Patterns of
thermoregulatory precision 4.2. Optimal thermoregulation 4.3. Evidence of adaptive …

Many environmental conditions can constrain the ability of animals to obtain sufficient food
energy, or transform that food energy into useful chemical forms. To survive extended …

Recent evidence suggests that avian facultative hypothermic responses are more common,
and occur in a wider variety of ecological contexts, than previously thought. The capacity for …

Various animals across the tree of life express some form of programmed dormancy (eg
hibernation, diapause) to maximize fitness in highly seasonal environments. The integrated …