More than a quarter of the world's carnivores are threatened, often due to multiple and
complex causes. Considerable research efforts are devoted to resolving the mechanisms …

Wolves (Canis lupus) and arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) are the only canid species found
throughout the mainland tundra and arctic islands of North America. Contrasting …

ABSTRACT The Arctic fox (Vulpes lagopus L.) is listed as extinct in Finland, endangered in
Sweden and critically endangered in Norway. Around 2000 there were only 40–60 adult …

Isolation of small populations can reduce fitness through inbreeding depression and impede
population growth. Outcrossing with only a few unrelated individuals can increase …

Many key species in northern ecosystems are characterised by high‐amplitude cyclic
population demography. In 1924, C harles E lton described the ecology and evolution of …

Species that seasonally moult from brown to white to match snowy backgrounds become
conspicuous and experience increased predation risk as snow cover duration declines …

Abstract Knowledge about the phylogenetic history, genetic variation and ecological
requirements of a species is important for its conservation and management. Unfortunately …

Harmful effects arising from matings between relatives (inbreeding) is a long‐standing
observation that is well founded in theory. Empirical evidence for inbreeding depression in …

Translocation of captive-bred animals has become a widespread conservation practice to
counteract species extinctions. We analyse and discuss the apparent success and …

Genetic rescue can facilitate the recovery of small and isolated populations suffering from
inbreeding depression. Long-term effects are however complex, and examples spanning …