Despite the many advances that have occurred in the field of vaccine adjuvants, there are
still unmet needs that may enable the development of vaccines suitable for more …

Vaccines based on mRNA-containing lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) pioneered by Katalin
Karikó and Drew Weissman at the University of Pennsylvania are a promising new vaccine …

Mucin expression and glycosylation patterns on cancer cells differ markedly from healthy
cells. Mucin 1 (MUC1) is overexpressed in several solid tumors and presents high levels of …

The relevance of protein-glycan interactions in immunity has long been underestimated. Yet,
the immune system possesses numerous classes of glycan-binding proteins, so-called …

Protein glycosylation is a key post-translational modification important to many facets of
biology. Glycosylation can have critical effects on protein conformation, uptake and …

With the global outbreak of SARS-CoV-2, mRNA vaccines became the first type of COVID-19
vaccines to enter clinical trials because of their facile production, low cost, and relative …

Langerhans cells (LCs) constitute a cellular immune network across the epidermis. Because
they are located at the skin barrier, they are considered immune sentinels of the skin. These …

The use of soluble fusion proteins of pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) used in the
detection of exogenous and endogenous ligands has helped resolve the roles of PRRs in …

Immune modulating therapies and vaccines are in high demand, not least to the recent
global spread of SARS-CoV2. To achieve efficient activation of the immune system …

Muramyl dipeptide (MDP) is the smallest essential peptidoglycan substructure capable of
promoting both innate and adaptive immune responses. Herein, we report on the design …