Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) is an important virus because of its agricultural impact in the
Mediterranean Basin and worldwide, and also as a model for understanding plant–virus …

Viruses are obligate, intracellular pathogens that must manipulate and exploit host
molecular mechanisms to prosper in the hostile cellular environment. Here we review the …

The transient assay system based on mesophyll or cultured cell‐derived protoplasts has
been exploited in several plant species and has become a powerful tool for rapid gene …

We investigated the genetic pathway in Arabidopsis thaliana targeted during infection by
cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) 2b protein, known to suppress non-cell-autonomous …

In plants, RNA silencing (RNA interference) is an efficient antiviral system, and therefore
successful virus infection requires suppression of silencing. Although many viral silencing …

RNA silencing is an RNA-directed gene regulatory system that is present in a wide range of
eukaryotes, and which functions as an antiviral defense in plants. Silencing pathways are …

Plant and animal viruses overcome host antiviral silencing by encoding diverse viral
suppressors of RNA silencing (VSRs). Prior to the identification and characterization of their …

Most plant viruses are initiators and targets of RNA silencing and encode proteins that
suppress this adaptive host defense. The DNA-containing geminiviruses are no exception …

Double-stranded (ds) RNAs and imperfect hairpin RNAs of endogenous genes trigger post-
transcriptional gene silencing (PTGS) and are cleaved by a Dicer-like nuclease into small …

ABSTRACT RNA silencing is a potent means of antiviral defense in plants and animals. A
hallmark of this defense response is the production of 21-to 24-nucleotide viral small RNAs …