Cell types are fundamental units of multicellular life but their evolution is obscure. How did
the first cell types emerge and become distinct in animal evolution? What were the sets of …

Abstract Analysis of the origin and evolution of neurons is crucial for revealing principles of
organization of neural circuits with unexpected implications for genomic sciences …

INTRODUCTION The cnidarian polyp Hydra undergoes continual self-renewal and is
capable of whole-body regeneration from a small piece of tissue. The stem cell populations …

Sea anemones are seemingly primitive animals that, along with corals, jellyfish, and hydras,
constitute the oldest eumetazoan phylum, the Cnidaria. Here, we report a comparative …

The sequencing of the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome provides a unique
opportunity to investigate the function and evolution of neural genes. The neurobiology of …

The discovery of Hydra regeneration by Abraham Trembley in 1744 promoted much
scientific curiosity thanks to his clever design of experimental strategies away from the …

Adult neurogenesis has been identified in all vertebrate species examined thus far.
However, an evolutionary trend towards a reduction in both the number of proliferation …

It is yet unknown when and in what form the central nervous system in Bilateria first came
into place and how it further evolved in the different bilaterian phyla. To find out, a series of …

Nearly all metazoans show signs of bilaterality, yet it is believed the bilaterians arose from
radially symmetric forms hundreds of millions of years ago. Cnidarians (corals, sea …

New perspectives on the origin of neurogenesis emerged with the identification of genes
encoding post-synaptic proteins as well as many “neurogenic” regulators as the NK, Six …