The shell bound by the Karman line at a height of~ 80–100 km above the Earth's surface
and geosynchronous orbit at~ 36,000 km is defined as the orbital space surrounding the …

For centuries, humans have been fascinated by how migratory animals find their way over
thousands of kilometres. Here, I review the mechanisms used in animal orientation and …

Migration, broadly defined as directional movement to take advantage of spatially distributed
resources, is a dramatic behaviour and an important component of many life histories that …

When the moon is absent from the night sky, stars remain as celestial visual cues.
Nonetheless, only birds [1, 2], seals [3], and humans [4] are known to use stars for …

Night migratory songbirds can use stars, sun, geomagnetic field, and polarized light for
orientation when tested in captivity. We studied the interaction of magnetic, stellar, and …

The nighttime sky is increasingly illuminated by artificial light sources. Although this
ecological light pollution is damaging ecosystems throughout the world, the topic has …

Migratory birds can use a magnetic compass for orientation during their migratory journeys
covering thousands of kilometers. But how do they sense the reference direction provided by …

The magnetic compass of migratory birds has been suggested to be light-dependent.
Retinal cryptochrome-expressing neurons and a forebrain region,“Cluster N”, show high …

A newly developed flight simulator allows monarch butterflies to fly actively for up to several
hours in any horizontal direction while their fall migratory flight direction can be continuously …

Migratory birds can navigate over tens of thousands of kilometers with an accuracy
unobtainable for human navigators. To do so, they use their brains. In this review, we …