A surrogate endpoint is intended to replace a clinical endpoint for the evaluation of new
treatments when it can be measured more cheaply, more conveniently, more frequently, or …

A valid surrogate endpoint allows correct inference to be drawn regarding the effect of an
intervention on the unobserved true clinical endpoint of interest. The perceived practical and …

Meta-analysis is the application of statistics to combine results from multiple studies and
draw appropriate inferences. Its use and importance have exploded over the last 25 years …

Both humanitarian and commercial considerations have spurred intensive search for
methods to reduce the time and cost required to develop new therapies. The identification …

In many therapeutic areas, the identification and validation of surrogate endpoints is of prime
interest to reduce the duration and/or size of clinical trials. Buyse et al.[Biostatistics 2000; 1 …

In many longitudinal studies, the outcomes recorded on each subject include both a
sequence of repeated measurements at pre‐specified times and the time at which an event …

Purpose The long duration of phase III clinical trials of overall survival (OS) slows down the
treatment-development process. It could be shortened by using surrogate end points …

Applied Surrogate Endpoint Evaluation Methods with SAS and R Page 1 Page 2 Ariel Alonso
Theophile Bigirumurame Tomasz Burzykowski Marc Buyse Geert Molenberghs Leacky …

Owing to the rapid development of biomarkers in clinical trials, joint modeling of longitudinal
and survival data has gained its popularity in the recent years because it reduces bias and …

The identification and validation of putative surrogate endpoints in oncology is a great
challenge to medical investigators, statisticians, and regulators. A putative surrogate …