With increase in life expectancy, the number of persons suffering from common age-related
brain diseases, including neurodegenerative (eg, dementia) and cerebrovascular (eg …

The retinal vasculature allows direct noninvasive visualization of the body's
mircrovasculature. Because the retina and other end organs (brain and kidney) share similar …

Traditionally, medical discoveries are made by observing associations, making hypotheses
from them and then designing and running experiments to test the hypotheses. However …

Background: The microvasculature, the smallest blood vessels in the body, has key roles in
maintenance of organ health and tumorigenesis. The retinal fundus is a window for human …

Background Although cerebral small-vessel disease has been implicated in the
development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), the cerebral microcirculation is difficult to …

It has been ascertained that the human brain is a complex system studied at multiple scales,
from neurons and microcircuits to macronetworks. The brain is characterized by a …

Introduction Cerebral small-vessel disease has been implicated in the development of
Alzheimer's disease (AD). The retinal microvasculature enables the noninvasive …

This paper concerns the validation of automatic retinal image analysis (ARIA) algorithms.
For reasons of space and consistency, we concentrate on the validation of algorithms …

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, with hypertension and diabetes mellitus acting as
major risk factors for its development. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death …

Introduction: Ocular manifestations in several neurological pathologies accentuate the
strong relationship between the eye and the brain. Retinal alterations in particular can serve …