A review of recent progress in developing and applying analytical methods to quaternary
ammonium compounds (QAC) and tertiary sulphonium compounds (TSC), elucidating QAC …

By far the most important factors limiting crop productivity are environmental stresses, of
which lack of water (drought) is the most serious 1. Salinity is also a major constraint; this is …

Natural osmoregulatory substances (osmolytes) allow a wide variety of organisms to adjust
to environments with high salt and/or low water content. In addition to their role in …

Genetic engineering of plants for abiotic stress tolerance is a challenging task because of its
multifarious nature. Comprehensive studies for developing abiotic stress tolerance are in …

Glycine betaine is an osmoprotectant found in many organisms, including bacteria and
higher plants. The bacterium Escherichia coli produces glycine betaine by a two‐step …

Metabolic acclimation via the accumulation of compatible solutes is regarded as a basic
strategy for the protection and survival of plants in extreme environments. Certain plants …

Glycinebetaine is one of the compatible solutes that accumulate in the chloroplasts of certain
halotolerant plants when these plants are exposed to salt or cold stress. The codA gene for …

In common with other zwitterionic quarternary ammonium compounds (QACs), glycine
betaine acts as an osmoprotectant in plants, bacteria, and animals, with its accumulation in …

Osmoregulation in higher plants is defined by Blum1 as follows: As water is being removed
from the cell, osmotic potential is reduced due to the simple effect of solute concentration. In …

The effect of exogenously applied glycinebetaine (GB) on the alleviation of damaging effects
of NaCl treatment was studied in view of relative water content (RWC), malondialdehyde …