Voltage-gated sodium channels (Na V s) are membrane proteins responsible for the rapid
upstroke of the action potential in excitable cells. There are nine human voltage-sensitive Na …

Voltage-gated Na+ (NaV) channels underlie the initiation and propagation of action
potentials (APs). Rapid inactivation after NaV channel opening, known as open-state …

The S4 segment of voltage-sensing domains (VSDs) directly responds to voltage changes
by reorienting within the electric field as a permion. A narrow hydrophobic “gasket” or charge …

Rita de Cássia Collaço1, Filip Van Petegem2, 3, and Frank Bosmans1, 4 ω-
Grammotoxin-SIA (GrTX-SIA) was originally isolated from the venom of the Chilean rose …

Inheritable and de novo variants in the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel, Nav1. 5, are
responsible for both long-QT syndrome type 3 (LQT3) and Brugada syndrome type 1 (BrS1) …

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels are responsible for the initiation and propagation of
action potentials. In the heart, the predominant NaV1. 5 α subunit is composed of four …

Voltage-gated sodium (NaV) channels, encoded by the gene para, play a critical role in the
rapid processing and propagation of visual information related to collision avoidance …

Human voltage-gated sodium (hNaV) channels are responsible for initiating and
propagating action potentials in excitable cells, and mutations have been associated with …