Objectives Muscle strength decreases with age, causing a decline in physical and oro‐facial
function. However, the impact of physiological and pathophysiological factors on tongue …

Tongue strengthening exercise (TSE) has been proposed as an intervention to increase
tongue strength and improve swallowing. However, clinical evidence of its effectiveness is …

Objectives Oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) in community-dwelling older adults continues to
be a challenge due to its insidious onset. This study developed a simple swallowing training …

The interest to characterize texture‐modified foods (TMFs) intended for people with
oropharyngeal dysphagia (OD) has grown significantly since 2011. Several instrumental …

The study of the muscles of the tongue forms part of a basic evaluation of upper airway
function that includes swallowing, speaking and chewing. It is important because the upper …

Purpose: To establish age-and sex-specific population reference values for tongue pressure
(TP) in community-dwelling Japanese older adults. Methods: For this analysis, we pooled …

Background Impairment of bulbar function in adult individuals with spinal muscular atrophy
(SMA) usually is not assessed by established motor scores. Measurements of oral function …

Purpose To analyze the functions of the stomatognathic system in children with or without
molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH). Methods For this cross-sectional study, 72 children …

Objectives (1) To investigate the effect of age and diet consistency on maximum lips, tongue
and cheek pressure of orthodontically treated and untreated subjects with normal, Class I …

Personalized tongue pressure (TP) training focuses on improving swallowing. This study
aims to establish the TP values of different age levels and compare changes between …