There is a growing appreciation of the role of the gut microbiota in all aspects of health and
disease, including brain health. Indeed, roles for the bacterial commensals in various …

Tumor necrosis factor–α (TNF-α) blockers are a popular therapeutic choice in a number of
inflammatory diseases. Thus far, five TNF-α blockers have been approved for clinical use …

Changes in gut microbiota have been associated with several diseases. Here, the
International Multiple Sclerosis Microbiome Study (iMSMS) studied the gut microbiome of …

The gut microbiota regulates T cell functions throughout the body. We hypothesized that
intestinal bacteria impact the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS), an autoimmune …

There is emerging evidence that the commensal microbiota has a role in the pathogenesis
of multiple sclerosis (MS), a putative autoimmune disease of the CNS. Here, we compared …

Treatments that block tumour necrosis factor (TNF) have major beneficial effects in several
autoimmune and rheumatic diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis. However, some …

The gut is connected to the CNS by immunological mediators, lymphocytes,
neurotransmitters, microbes and microbial metabolites. A mounting body of evidence …

The gut microbiota plays a critical role in the modulation of host metabolism and immune
response, and its impairment has been implicated in many gastrointestinal and …

T cells critically depend on reprogramming of metabolic signatures to meet the bioenergetic
demands during activation and clonal expansion. Here we identify the transcription factor …

Patients with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI) requiring long-term, permanent care suffer a
myriad of clinical symptoms (ie, impaired cognition, fatigue, and other conditions) that persist …