Brain areas implicated in the stress response include the amygdala, hippocampus, and
prefrontal cortex. Traumatic stress can be associated with lasting changes in these brain …

Stress-induced changes in the immune system, which lead to neuroinflammation and
consequent brain alterations, have been suggested as possible neurobiological substrates …

OBJECTIVE: Smaller hippocampal volume has been reported only in some but not all
studies of unipolar major depressive disorder. Severe stress early in life has also been …

Context Major depressive disorder (MDD), panic disorder, and social anxiety disorder are
among the most prevalent and frequently co-occurring psychiatric disorders in adults and …

Most of the available evidence on neuropsychological functioning in anxiety disorders is
based on clinical samples, investigating persons affected by obsessive–compulsive …

BACKGROUND: Depression has been linked to stress, memory deficits, and
hypercortisolemia. However, the relationships between depression, hippocampal structure …

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has opened a new window to the brain. Measuring
hippocampal volume with MRI has provided important information about several …

The ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) has been implicated in fear extinction [Phelps,
EA, Delgado, MR, Nearing, KI & Ledoux, JE (2004) Neuron 43, 897-905; Herry, C. & Garcia …

Disruptions in emotional, cognitive, and social behavior are common in neurodegenerative
disease and in many forms of psychopathology. Because neurodegenerative diseases have …

In 2000, Gorman et al. published a widely acknowledged revised version of their 1989
neuroanatomical hypothesis of panic disorder (PD). Herein, a 'fear network'was suggested …