Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can be regarded as gold standard in investigating dose-
response and causal relationships in exercise science. Recommendations for exercise …

Adaptive designs allow planned modifications based on data accumulating within a study.
The promise of greater flexibility and efficiency stimulates increasing interest in adaptive …

Despite considerable progress in pharmacotherapy over the past seven decades, many
mental disorders remain insufficiently treated. This situation is in part due to the limited …

I consider seven misunderstandings that may be encountered about the nature, purpose
and properties of randomisation in clinical trials. Some concern the practical realities of …

Abstract Response-Adaptive Randomization (RAR) is part of a wider class of data-
dependent sampling algorithms, for which clinical trials are typically used as a motivating …

Just-in-time adaptive interventions (JITAIs) represent an intervention design that adapts the
provision and type of support over time to an individual's changing status and contexts …

Randomizing patients among treatments with equal probabilities in clinical trials is the
established method to obtain unbiased comparisons. In recent years, motivated by ethical …

Abstract Purpose of Review Innovative clinical trial designs for glioblastoma (GBM) are
needed to expedite drug discovery. Phase 0, window of opportunity, and adaptive designs …

Adaptive enrichment designs for clinical trials may include rules that use interim data to
identify treatment-sensitive patient subgroups, select or compare treatments, or change entry …

Background Platform trials improve the efficiency of the drug development process through
flexible features such as adding and dropping arms as evidence emerges. The benefits and …