The superfamily of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) mediates a wide range of
physiological responses and serves as an important category of drug targets. Earlier …

G protein coupled receptors are responsible for a wide variety of signaling responses in
diverse cell types. Despite major advances in the determination of structures of this class of …

Crystallography has advanced our understanding of G protein–coupled receptors, but low
expression levels and instability in solution have limited structural insights to very few …

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) were invented in 1991 as a delivery system combining
advantages of other nanoparticulate systems and at the same time avoiding/minimizing …

Fluorescence spectroscopy has become an established tool at the interface of biology,
chemistry and physics because of its exquisite sensitivity and recent technical …

Arrestins are regulatory molecules for G-protein coupled receptor function. In visual
rhodopsin, selective binding of arrestin to the cytoplasmic side of light-activated …

Lipid nanoparticles have gained increased interest in the field of dermal products because
of various advantages such as improved drug absorption and controlled drug release. The …

Microbial rhodopsin (MRs) ion channels and pumps have become invaluable optogenetic
tools for neuroscience as well as biomedical applications. Recently, MR-optogenetics …

In this article, we discussed some single molecule spectroscopy techniques and methods.
We have chosen the simplicity in this survey based on our laboratory experience in this field …

Drug loading capacity in nanostructured lipid carriers (NLC) depends on the formation of
nanostructures within the lipid matrix. However, investigation of these nanostructures with …