It is now well established that electrochemical systems can optimally perform only within a
narrow range of temperature. Exposure to temperatures outside this range adversely affects …

This review paper examines the possible pathways and possible technologies available that
will help the shipping sector achieve the International Maritime Organization's (IMO) deep …

Conventional proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) operate within narrow
temperature ranges. Typically, they are run at either 80‒90° C using fully humidified …

Membrane is one of the most important components in proton exchange membrane fuel
cells (PEMFCs), which determines the transport phenomena, performance, and durability …

Among various polymeric materials applied as polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) for fuel
cells, Nafion is known as a standard polymer so that any new material needs to be …

Control of water content of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) within a
reasonable rangeis a question worthy of study. This paper addresses questions of water …

A considerable amount of non-dispatchable photovoltaic and wind power have always been
planned in smart cities, however, the problem of massive energy storage has not yet been …

Selecting and optimizing propulsion architecture is one of the most practical goals and the
most difficult decisions in designing modern commercial ships. That process faces several …

This paper provides information encompassing the recent discovery of the High
Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell (HT-PEMFC) focusing on systems …

Progressing limits on pollutant emissions oblige ship owners to reduce the environmental
impact of their operations. Fuel cells may provide a suitable solution, since they are fuel …