This review focuses on the regulation of root water uptake in plants which are exposed to
salt stress. Root water uptake is not considered in isolation but is viewed in the context of …

Phloem transport of plant viruses is an essential step in the setting-up of a complete infection
of a host plant. After an initial replication step in the first cells, viruses spread from cell-to-cell …

Background The root system of higher plants originates from the activity of a root meristem,
which comprises a group of highly specialized and long-lasting stem cells. Their …

Plasmodesmata (PD) are nano-sized membrane-lined channels controlling intercellular
communication in plants. Although progress has been made in identifying PD proteins, the …

In plants, mounting an effective innate immune strategy against microbial pathogens
involves triggering local cell death within infected cells as well as boosting the immunity of …

A small open reading frame (ORF), pipo, overlaps with the P3 coding region of the potyviral
polyprotein ORF. Previous evidence suggested a requirement for pipo for efficient viral cell …

The response of plants to the stress caused by herbivores involves several different defence
mechanisms. These responses begin at the plant cell plasma membrane, where insect …

Abstract Callose (β-1, 3-glucan) is a linear plant polysaccharide that plays an important role
in different stages of individual development as well as in defense against unfavourable …

Highlights•In Arabidopsis, lateral roots determine the topology of the root system.•They are
formed deep and must cross several layers to emerge out of the main root.•The overlying …

The major components of RNA silencing include both transitive and systemic small RNAs,
which are technically called secondary sRNAs. Double-stranded RNAs trigger systemic …