The innate immune response provides the first line of defense against invading pathogens,
and immune disorders cause a variety of diseases. The fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster …

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a highly conserved Serine/Threonine (Ser/Thr)
protein kinase, which belongs to phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase-related kinase (PIKK) protein …

Abstract Hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) has been recognized as an important cancer
drug target. Many recent studies have provided convincing evidences of strong correlation …

Introduction: Hypoxia is one of the intrinsic features of solid tumors, and it is always
associated with aggressive phenotypes, including resistance to radiation and …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the
phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-related kinase (PIKK) family. The kinase exists in the …

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is a master regulator of protein
synthesis that couples nutrient sensing to cell growth and cancer. However, the downstream …

Cancer cell growth requires fatty acids to replicate cellular membranes. The kinase Akt is
known to up-regulate fatty acid synthesis and desaturation, which is carried out by the …

The molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle maintenance involve interplay
between multiple signaling pathways. Under normal physiological conditions, a network of …

Although targeting cancer metabolism is a promising therapeutic strategy, clinical success
will depend on an accurate diagnostic identification of tumor subtypes with specific …

Clearance or control of pathogens or tumors usually requires T‐cell‐mediated immunity. As
such, understanding the mechanisms that govern the function, maintenance, and …