Accurate estimations and assessments of vehicle emissions can support decision-making
processes. Current emission estimation tools involve several calculation methods that …

The topics of climate change and pollutant emission reduction are dominating societal
discussions in many areas. In automotive development, with the introduction of real driving …

European Union has developed a strategy to achieve climate neutrality by 2050. Extensive
research has been conducted on the CO2 life cycle analysis of propulsion systems …

Individual road mobility comes with two major challenges: greenhouse gas emissions
related to global warming and chemical pollution. For the pollution reduction in the spark …

Hybrid electric vehicles are certainly one of the key solutions for improving fuel efficiency
and reducing emissions, especially in terms of special vehicles and with the use of CO2 …

The automotive industry faces development challenges due to emerging technologies,
regulatory demands, societal trends, and evolving customer mobility needs. These factors …

The improvement of air quality requires a further reduction of pollutant emissions, especially
in urban areas. The Euro 7 regulations aim at the development of a new generation of …

The latest legislative regulations and technology concepts for Zero-Impact Tailpipe
Emissions (ZITE) aim to further significantly improve air quality. Various technologies that …

In the development of future passenger cars, the statutory regulations on decarbonization of
the exhaust emissions must be reconciled with customer requirements. Therefore, it is …

A novel algorithm-based approach is employed in this publication to calculate multiple direct
injection patterns for spark ignition engines. The algorithm is verified by investigating the …