Cell–material interactions constitute a key fundamental topic in biomaterials study. Various
cell cues and matrix cues as well as soluble factors regulate cell behaviors on materials …

Ionizing radiation has been found to be widely applicable in modifying the structure and
properties of polymers, and can be used to tailor the performance of either bulk materials or …

To overcome the diffraction constraints of traditional optical lithography, the next generation
lithographies (NGLs) will utilize any one or more of EUV (extreme ultraviolet), X-ray, electron …

Proton beam (p-beam) writing is a new direct-writing process that uses a focused beam of
MeV protons to pattern resist material at nanodimensions. The process, although similar in …

Consistent left-right (LR) asymmetry or chirality is critical for embryonic development and
function maintenance. While chirality on either molecular or organism level has been well …

We report the utilization of a focused mega-electron-volt (MeV) proton beam to write
accurate high-aspect-ratio structures at sub-100 nm dimensions. Typically, a MeV proton …

The basic physics behind the interaction of ions with solid-state matter is discussed, with an
emphasis on the formation of interaction products between the ions and target atoms …

This paper presents techniques for fabricating microscopic, curvilinear features in a variety
of workpiece materials. Microgrooving and microthreading tools with cutting widths as small …

A new direct write 3D nano lithographic technique has been developed at the Centre for Ion
Beam Applications (CIBA) in the Physics Department of the National University of …

We report micro-machining of resists on silicon by proton beam writing (PBW) at Takasaki
Ion Accelerators for Advanced Radiation Application (TIARA), JAEA Takasaki, Japan. We …