Recent advances in synthetic biology and materials science have given rise to a new form of
materials, namely engineered living materials (ELMs), which are composed of living matter …

Microorganisms are a promising means to address many societal sustainability challenges
owing to their ability to thrive in diverse environments and interface with the microscale …

Nature is home to a variety of microorganisms that create materials under environmentally
friendly conditions. While this offers an attractive approach for sustainable manufacturing …

Living materials with embedded microorganisms can genetically encode attractive sensing,
self‐repairing, and responsive functionalities for applications in medicine, robotics, and …

First isolated and classified in the 1960s, Caulobacter crescentus has been instrumental in
the study of bacterial cell biology and differentiation. C. crescentus is a Gram-negative …

Surface layers (S-layers) are proteinaceous, two-dimensional paracrystalline arrays that
constitute a major component of the cell envelope in many prokaryotic species. In this study …

Engineered living materials combine the advantages of biological and synthetic systems by
leveraging genetic and metabolic programming to control material-wide properties. Here, we …

In recent years, the field of 3D bioprinting has witnessed the intriguing development of a new
type of bioink known as microbial inks. Bioinks, typically associated with mammalian cells …

In metazoans, living cells achieve capabilities beyond individual cell functionality by
assembling into multicellular tissue structures. These higher-order structures represent …

Functionalizing materials with biomacromolecules such as enzymes has broad applications
in biotechnology and biomedicine. Here, we introduce a grafting method mediated by living …