Leishmania is an obligate intracellular pathogen that invades phagocytic host cells.
Approximately 30 different species of Phlebotomine sand flies can transmit this parasite …

Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is a systemic protozoan disease that is transmitted by
phlebotomine sandflies. Poor and neglected populations in East Africa and the Indian sub …

Governed by parasite and host factors and immunoinflammatory responses, the clinical
spectrum of leishmaniasis encompasses subclinical (inapparent), localised (skin lesions) …

Introduction Leishmaniasis is a major public health problem and the second most lethal
parasitic disease in the world due to the lack of effective treatments and vaccines. Even …

Human vaccination against leishmaniasis using live Leishmania was used in Middle East
and Russia (1941–1980). First-generation vaccines, composed by killed parasites induce …

Leishmaniasis is a diverse group of clinical syndromes caused by protozoan parasites of the
genus Leishmania. The clinical manifestation of the disease varies from self-limiting …

A vaccine against different forms of leishmaniasis should be feasible considering the wealth
of information on genetics and biology of the parasite, clinical and experimental immunology …

First generation candidate vaccines against leishmaniasis, prepared using inactivated
whole parasites as their main ingredient, were considered as promising because of their …

Numerous experimental vaccines have been developed to protect against the cutaneous
and visceral forms of leishmaniasis caused by infection with the obligate intracellular …

Leishmania are protozoan parasites spread by a sandfly insect vector and causing a
spectrum of diseases collectively known as leishmaniasis. The disease is a significant …