Despite advances in toxicity testing and the development of new approach methodologies
(NAMs) for hazard assessment, the ecological risk assessment (ERA) framework for …

Introduction Fluoride is a naturally occurring substance that is also added to drinking water,
dental hygiene products, and food supplements for preventing dental caries. Concerns have …

Background Manganese is an essential nutrient, but in excess, can be a potent
neurotoxicant. We previously reported findings from two cross-sectional studies on children …

Toxicogenomics and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models are useful
approaches in chemical risk assessment, but the methodology to incorporate toxicogenomic …

Risk assessment of arsenic-induced skin damage has always received significant global
attention. Theories derived from arsenic exposure in drinking water may not be applicable to …

Background: Risk assessment of chemical mixtures or complex substances remains a major
methodological challenge due to lack of available hazard or exposure data. Therefore, risk …

Nanotechnology has allowed for significant progress in architectural, artistic, archaeological,
or museum heritage conservation for repairing and preventing damages produced by …

Background Environmental exposure to perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) is associated with
various adverse outcomes in humans. However, risk assessment for PFOS with the …

Many substances for which consumer safety risk assessments need to be conducted are not
associated with specific toxicity modes of action, but rather exhibit nonspecific toxicity …

Growing toxicologic evidence suggests that emerging perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs),
like chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonate (Cl-PFESA), may be as toxic or more toxic …