Visible light synchronizes the human biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the
hypothalamus to the solar 24‐hour cycle. Short wavelengths, perceived as blue color, are …

A systematic literature review and meta-analyses (where appropriate) were performed and
the GRADE approach was used to update the previous American Academy of Sleep …

Periodic, well timed exposure to light is important for our health and wellbeing. Light, in
particular in the blue part of the spectrum, is thought to affect alertness both indirectly, by …

Melatonin is an evolutionarily conserved molecule that serves a time-keeping function in
various species. In vertebrates, melatonin is produced predominantly by the pineal gland …

Background Breast cancer incidence is increasing globally for largely unknown reasons.
The possibility that a portion of the breast cancer burden might be explained by the …

Aim: To analyse how age-related losses in crystalline lens transmittance and pupillary area
affect circadian photoreception and compare the circadian performance of phakic and …

Context: The sensitivity of melatonin to light suppression is expected to be higher in children
because children have large pupils and pure crystal lenses. However, melatonin …

Light environment in the Arctic differs widely with the seasons. Studies of relationships
between objectively measured circadian phase and amplitude of light exposure and …

The main objectives of this article are to update the ethical standards for the conduct of
human and animal biological rhythm research and recommend essential elements for …

Light is considered the most potent synchronizer of the human circadian system and exerts
many other non-image-forming effects, including those that affect brain function. These …