The Voyager 2 flybys of Uranus and Neptune revealed the first multipolar planetary
magnetic fields and highlighted how much we have yet to learn about ice giant planets. In …

This paper reviews the remarkable developments in numerical geodynamo simulations over
the last few years. Simulations with Ekman numbers as low as E= 10− 8 E= 10− 8 are now …

Geomagnetic jerks are abrupt changes in the second time derivative—the secular
acceleration—of Earth's magnetic field that punctuate ground observatory records. As their …

Barodiffusion is the tendency of light elements to migrate down a pressure gradient. In the
Earth's outer core, this effect can lead to the development of a chemically stable layer …

The existence of a stably stratified layer underneath the core–mantle boundary (CMB) has
been recently revived by corroborating evidences coming from seismic studies, mineral …

The Earth was formed by the accretion of both differentiated and undifferentiated parent
bodies, and the large density difference between metallic and ionic components gave rise to …

This chapter reviews theoretical approaches to calculating the energy and entropy budgets
of the Earth's core. The energy budget allows the growth of the inner core with time to be …

Thermochemical inhomogeneities in the Earth's outer core that enhance our understanding
of the geodynamo have been elusive. Seismic constraints on such inhomogeneities would …

Reconstructions of the Phanerozoic history of mantle global circulation that include past
plate motions are used to constrain the thermochemical evolution of the core. According to …

Thermal and compositional evolution of the core Page 232 9 Thermal and Compositional
Evolution of the Core F. Nimmo, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA, USA ª 2009 Elsevier …