In recent years, the consumption of energy drinks by young adults and athletes has risen
significantly, but concerns have been raised about the potential health risks associated with …

Energy drink (ED) consumption has become a growing public health issue over the past few
decades. Despite claims of being safe and beneficial, EDs have been linked to particularly …

Energy drinks (EDs) are beverages similar to soft drinks, characterized by high caffeine
concentrations with additional ingredients like taurine and vitamins, marketed for boosting …

Abstract Background Energy drinks (EDs) claim to boost mental performance, however, few
studies have examined the prospective effects of EDs on mental health. This study …

Energy drinks are nonalcoholic beverages that are widely consumed in the general
population, and worldwide usage is increasing. The main stimulant component of energy …

From the first appearance of Red Bull (RB) on the market in 1987 (Reissig et al., 2009),
energy drinks (EDs) have become increasingly popular among adolescents and young …

Abstract Purpose of Review Novel integrative reviews that give detail information regarding
various psychoactive substances (PS) with ability of inducing psychosis in adults are …

Caffeine is the most consumed psychoactive substance worldwide. Previous studies
suggested higher caffeine consumption in subjects with schizophrenia spectrum disorders …

Caffeine is the most commonly ingested psychoactive substance in the world. Although
caffeine-use disorder is not recognized as a formal diagnosis in the Diagnostic and …

Abstract A 51-year-old female, with no previous history of psychosis, presented to the
Emergency Department with an acute psychotic episode in the context of excess caffeine …