Pore-forming toxins (PFTs) are virulence factors produced by many pathogenic bacteria and
have long fascinated structural biologists, microbiologists and immunologists. Interestingly …

Two of the most fascinating bacterial nanomachines—the broadly disseminated rotary
flagellum at the heart of cellular motility and the eukaryotic cell–puncturing injectisome …

One of the most exciting developments in the field of bacterial pathogenesis in recent years
is the discovery that many pathogens utilize complex nanomachines to deliver bacterially …

Flagellar and translocation-associated type III secretion (T3S) systems are present in most
Gram-negative plant-and animal-pathogenic bacteria and are often essential for bacterial …

The Type III secretion system (T3SS) is a protein export pathway that is widespread in Gram-
negative bacteria and delivers effector proteins directly into eukaryotic cells. At its core lie …

Abstract The Type III Secretion System (T3SS) is a multi-mega Dalton apparatus assembled
from more than twenty components and is found in many species of animal and plant …

Type III secretion systems (T3SSs) afford Gram‐negative bacteria an intimate means of
altering the biology of their eukaryotic hosts—the direct delivery of effector proteins from the …

Plasmodium falciparum causes the severe form of malaria that has high levels of mortality in
humans. Blood-stage merozoites of P. falciparum invade erythrocytes, and this requires …

Shigella comprises four species of human-restricted pathogens causing bacillary dysentery.
While Shigella possesses multiple genetic loci contributing to virulence, a type III secretion …

Many plant and animal bacterial pathogens assemble a needle-like nanomachine, the type
III secretion system (T3SS), to inject virulence proteins directly into eukaryotic cells to initiate …